Nginx之Https最佳实践
nginx的https协议需要ssl模块的支持，我们在编译nginx时使用–with-http_ssl_module参数加入SSL模块。还需要服务器私钥，服务器证书，如果是公司对外环境，这个证书需要购买第三方的权威证书，否则用户体验得不到保障；这里我仅仅在我的vps上使用并测试。
注意：如果你购买的是第三方服务证书,那么只需要参考1.3-1.4的配置信息即可完整企业ssl配置实践。
此博文参考老男孩23期二麻博客Nginx之https
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1.1检查Nginx的SSL模块是否安装
[root@web-node1~]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.6.3
built by gcc 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-16) (GCC)
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: –prefix=/application/nginx-1.6.3 –user=nginx –group=nginx –with-http_ssl_module –with-http_stub_status_module
1.2准备私钥和证书
1.2.1创建服务器私钥
[root@web-node1~]# cd /application/nginx/conf/
[root@web-node1 conf]# mkdir key
[root@web-node1 conf]# cd key/
[root@web-node1 key]# openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 1024
Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus
..++++++
…++++++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
Enter pass phrase for server.key:
Verifying – Enter pass phrase for server.key:
1.2.2签发证书
[root@web-node1 key]# openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr
Enter pass phrase for server.key:
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter ‘.’, the field will be left blank.
—–
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:BJ
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:BJ
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:SDU
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:SA
Common Name (eg, your name or your server’s hostname) []:XuBuSi
Email Address []:[email protected]
Please enter the following ‘extra’ attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:
1.2.3删除服务器私钥口令
[root@web-node1 key]# cp server.key server.key.ori
[root@web-node1 key]# openssl rsa -in server.key.ori -out server.key
Enter pass phrase for server.key.ori:
writing RSA key
1.2.4生成使用签名请求证书和私钥生成自签证书
[root@web-node1 key]# openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt
Signature ok
subject=/C=CN/ST=BJ/L=BJ/O=SDU/OU=SA/CN=XuBuSi/[email protected]
Getting Private key
1.3开启Nginx SSL
[root@web-node1 ~]# cat /application/nginx/conf/vhosts/www.conf
server {
server_nameblog.xuliangwei.com;
#listen 80;
listen 443;
ssl on;
ssl_certificate key/server.crt;
ssl_certificate_key key/server.key;
location / {
roothtml/blog;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
access_log /app/logs/blog.xuliangwei.log main;
}
}
1.3.1重启nginx生效
[root@web-node1 ~]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@web-node1 ~]# netstat -lntup|grep 443
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:443 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1711/nginx
1.3.2测试https
由于该证书非第三方权威机构颁发，而是我们自己签发的，所以浏览器会警告，如果是对外的业务需要加密，必须使用商用第三方签名证书。
必须访问https://blog.xuliangwei.com
1.4配置重定向80端口转443端口
以上配置有个不好的地方，如果用户使用时忘了使用https或者443端口，那么将会报错，所以我们需要80端口的访问转到443端口并使用ssl加密访问。
只需要增加一个server段，使用301永久重定向。
[root@web-node1 ~]# tail -5 /application/nginx/conf/vhosts/www.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name blog.xuliangwei.com;
rewrite ^(.*) https://$server_name$1 permanent;
}
[root@web-node1 ~]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@web-node1 ~]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
输入blog.xuliangwei.com自动跳转https