需求：用python实现一个简单的http服务器

该文件为html文件，如下图：

用python搭建一个静态的http服务器，通过web访问 python 目录下的文件内容，如下图

系统环境：centos7、python3

将网页源码文件包下载后，上传到centos中 /web/路径下，如下图：

实现代码：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import socket import re import urllib.parse def service_client(new_socket): # 为这个客户端返回数据 # 1.接收浏览器发过来的请求，即http请求 # GET / HTTP/1.1 request = new_socket.recv(1024).decode('utf-8') request_header_lines = request.splitlines() ret = re.match(r'[^/]+(/[^ ]*)',request_header_lines[0]) path_name = "/" if ret: path = ret.group(1) # 取出请求中的路径名 path_name = urllib.parse.unquote(path) # 浏览器请求的路径中带有中文，会被自动编码，需要先解码成中文，才能找到后台中对应的html文件 print("请求路径：{}".format(path_name)) if path_name == "/": # 用户请求/时，返回index.html页面 path_name = "/index.html" # 2.返回http格式的数据给浏览器 file_name = '/web/python' + path_name try: f = open(file_name,'rb') except: response = "HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND\r\n" response += "\r\n" response += "------file not found------" new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8")) else: html_content = f.read() f.close() # 准备发给浏览器的数据 -- header response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n" response += "\r\n" new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8")) new_socket.send(html_content) # 关闭套接字 new_socket.close() def main(): # 用来完成整体的控制 # 1.创建套接字 tcp_server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) # 设置当服务器先close 即服务器端4次挥手之后资源能够立即释放，这样就保证了，下次运行程序时 可以立即绑定7788端口 tcp_server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) # 2.绑定 tcp_server_socket.bind(("",8100)) # 3.变为监听套接字 tcp_server_socket.listen(128) while True: # 4.等待新客户端的链接 new_socket, client_addr = tcp_server_socket.accept() # 5.为这个客户端服务 service_client(new_socket) # 关闭监听套接字 tcp_server_socket.close() if __name__ == '__main__': main()

运行程序后，通过浏览器访问：http://192.168.149.150:8100

使用多进程实现

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import socket import re import urllib.parse import multiprocessing def service_client(new_socket): # 为这个客户端返回数据 # 1.接收浏览器发过来的请求，即http请求 # GET / HTTP/1.1 request = new_socket.recv(1024).decode('utf-8') request_header_lines = request.splitlines() ret = re.match(r'[^/]+(/[^ ]*)',request_header_lines[0]) path_name = "/" if ret: path = ret.group(1) # 取出请求中的路径名 path_name = urllib.parse.unquote(path) # 浏览器请求的路径中带有中文，会被自动编码，需要先解码成中文，才能找到后台中对应的html文件 print("请求路径：{}".format(path_name)) if path_name == "/": # 用户请求/时，返回index.html页面 path_name = "/index.html" # 2.返回http格式的数据给浏览器 file_name = '/web/python' + path_name try: f = open(file_name,'rb') except: response = "HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND\r\n" response += "\r\n" response += "------file not found------" new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8")) else: html_content = f.read() f.close() # 准备发给浏览器的数据 -- header response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n" response += "\r\n" new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8")) new_socket.send(html_content) # 关闭套接字 new_socket.close() def main(): # 用来完成整体的控制 # 1.创建套接字 tcp_server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) # 设置当服务器先close 即服务器端4次挥手之后资源能够立即释放，这样就保证了，下次运行程序时 可以立即绑定7788端口 tcp_server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) # 2.绑定 tcp_server_socket.bind(("",8200)) # 3.变为监听套接字 tcp_server_socket.listen(128) while True: # 4.等待新客户端的链接 new_socket, client_addr = tcp_server_socket.accept() # 5.为这个客户端服务 p = multiprocessing.Process(target=service_client, args=(new_socket,)) p.start() new_socket.close() # 关闭监听套接字 tcp_server_socket.close() if __name__ == '__main__': main()

使用多线程实现

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import socket import re import urllib.parse import threading def service_client(new_socket): # 为这个客户端返回数据 # 1.接收浏览器发过来的请求，即http请求 # GET / HTTP/1.1 request = new_socket.recv(1024).decode('utf-8') request_header_lines = request.splitlines() ret = re.match(r'[^/]+(/[^ ]*)',request_header_lines[0]) path_name = "/" if ret: path = ret.group(1) # 取出请求中的路径名 path_name = urllib.parse.unquote(path) # 浏览器请求的路径中带有中文，会被自动编码，需要先解码成中文，才能找到后台中对应的html文件 print("请求路径：{}".format(path_name)) if path_name == "/": # 用户请求/时，返回index.html页面 path_name = "/index.html" # 2.返回http格式的数据给浏览器 file_name = '/web/python' + path_name try: f = open(file_name,'rb') except: response = "HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND\r\n" response += "\r\n" response += "------file not found------" new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8")) else: html_content = f.read() f.close() # 准备发给浏览器的数据 -- header response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n" response += "\r\n" new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8")) new_socket.send(html_content) # 关闭套接字 new_socket.close() def main(): # 用来完成整体的控制 # 1.创建套接字 tcp_server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) # 设置当服务器先close 即服务器端4次挥手之后资源能够立即释放，这样就保证了，下次运行程序时 可以立即绑定7788端口 tcp_server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) # 2.绑定 tcp_server_socket.bind(("",8200)) # 3.变为监听套接字 tcp_server_socket.listen(128) while True: # 4.等待新客户端的链接 new_socket, client_addr = tcp_server_socket.accept() # 5.为这个客户端服务 t = threading.Thread(target=service_client, args=(new_socket,)) t.start() # 关闭监听套接字 tcp_server_socket.close() if __name__ == '__main__': main()

使用gevent实现

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import socket import re import urllib.parse import gevent from gevent import monkey monkey.patch_all() def service_client(new_socket): # 为这个客户端返回数据 # 1.接收浏览器发过来的请求，即http请求 # GET / HTTP/1.1 request = new_socket.recv(1024).decode('utf-8') request_header_lines = request.splitlines() ret = re.match(r'[^/]+(/[^ ]*)',request_header_lines[0]) path_name = "/" if ret: path = ret.group(1) # 取出请求中的路径名 path_name = urllib.parse.unquote(path) # 浏览器请求的路径中带有中文，会被自动编码，需要先解码成中文，才能找到后台中对应的html文件 print("请求路径：{}".format(path_name)) if path_name == "/": # 用户请求/时，返回index.html页面 path_name = "/index.html" # 2.返回http格式的数据给浏览器 file_name = '/web/python' + path_name try: f = open(file_name,'rb') except: response = "HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND\r\n" response += "\r\n" response += "------file not found------" new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8")) else: html_content = f.read() f.close() # 准备发给浏览器的数据 -- header response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n" response += "\r\n" new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8")) new_socket.send(html_content) # 关闭套接字 new_socket.close() def main(): # 用来完成整体的控制 # 1.创建套接字 tcp_server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) # 设置当服务器先close 即服务器端4次挥手之后资源能够立即释放，这样就保证了，下次运行程序时 可以立即绑定7788端口 tcp_server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) # 2.绑定 tcp_server_socket.bind(("",8100)) # 3.变为监听套接字 tcp_server_socket.listen(128) while True: # 4.等待新客户端的链接 new_socket, client_addr = tcp_server_socket.accept() # 5.为这个客户端服务 gevent.spawn(service_client, new_socket) # 关闭监听套接字 tcp_server_socket.close() if __name__ == '__main__': main()

单进程、单线程、长链接实现多任务

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import socket import re import urllib.parse def service_client(new_socket, request): # 为这个客户端返回数据 # 1.接收浏览器发过来的请求，即http请求 # GET / HTTP/1.1 request_header_lines = request.splitlines() ret = re.match(r'[^/]+(/[^ ]*)',request_header_lines[0]) path_name = "/" if ret: path = ret.group(1) # 取出请求中的路径名 path_name = urllib.parse.unquote(path) # 浏览器请求的路径中带有中文，会被自动编码，需要先解码成中文，才能找到后台中对应的html文件 print("请求路径：{}".format(path_name)) if path_name == "/": # 用户请求/时，返回index.html页面 path_name = "/index.html" # 2.返回http格式的数据给浏览器 file_name = '/web/python' + path_name try: f = open(file_name,'rb') except: response = "HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND\r\n" response += "\r\n" response += "------file not found------" new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8")) else: response_body = f.read() f.close() # 准备发给浏览器的数据 -- header response_header = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n" response_header += "Content-Length:{}\r\n".format(len(response_body)) # 这个字段表示一条数据的长度 response_header += "\r\n" new_socket.send(response_header.encode("utf-8")) new_socket.send(response_body) def main(): # 用来完成整体的控制 # 1.创建套接字 tcp_server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) # 设置当服务器先close 即服务器端4次挥手之后资源能够立即释放，这样就保证了，下次运行程序时 可以立即绑定7788端口 tcp_server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) # 2.绑定 tcp_server_socket.bind(("",8100)) # 3.变为监听套接字 tcp_server_socket.listen(128) tcp_server_socket.setblocking(False) # 设置套接字为非堵塞的方式 client_socket_list = list() # 创建一个列表，目的是将已将连接的客户端加入到列表中 while True: # 4.等待新客户端的链接 try: new_socket, client_addr = tcp_server_socket.accept() except Exception as ret: pass else: new_socket.setblocking(False) client_socket_list.append(new_socket) for client_socket in client_socket_list: try: recv_data = client_socket.recv(1024).decode("utf-8") except Exception as ret: pass else: if recv_data: service_client(client_socket,recv_data) else: client_socket.close() client_socket_list.remove(client_socket) # 关闭监听套接字 tcp_server_socket.close() if __name__ == '__main__': main()